{"id":3179,"date":"2025-01-27T14:04:56","date_gmt":"2025-01-27T10:04:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yenituran.az\/?p=3179"},"modified":"2025-01-27T14:04:57","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T10:04:57","slug":"turk-memarliginin-sah-%c9%99s%c9%99rl%c9%99ri-taxta-m%c9%99scidl%c9%99r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yenituran.az\/?p=3179","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u015fah \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri \u2013Taxta m\u0259scidl\u0259r"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u00f6z m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t v\u0259 dini abid\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n z\u0259ngin m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t abid\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 sahib \u00f6lk\u0259dir. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 q\u0259dim memarl\u0131q \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rini \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n v\u0259 qoruyan \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biridir. Memarl\u0131q \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rinin inki\u015faf etdiyi T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 bu g\u00fcn d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n v\u0259 YUNESKO t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qorunan y\u00fczl\u0259rl\u0259 abid\u0259 var. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 yonma da\u015f\u0131n istifad\u0259 olundu\u011fu Anadolu-T\u00fcrk memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda taxta tavanl\u0131 v\u0259 bu tavan\u0131n taxta dayaqlarla d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259ndiyi m\u0259scidl\u0259r x\u00fcsusi tikinti qrupunu t\u0259\u015fkil edir. XIII-XIV \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 Anadolunun orta v\u0259 q\u0259rb b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 tikilmi\u015f bu tikilil\u0259rd\u0259 a\u011facdan istifad\u0259 biz\u0259 Orta Asiya v\u0259 Xorasan b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259ki t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin memarl\u0131q \u00fcslubunu xat\u0131rlad\u0131r. Binalar\u0131n i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 taxta s\u0259thl\u0259rin \u0259l oyma ornamentl\u0259r deyil\u0259n ornamentl\u0259rl\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259dildiyi bu m\u0259scidl\u0259r k\u0259nardan sad\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcns\u0259 d\u0259, r\u0259ngar\u0259ng interyer\u0259 malikdir.
M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir bina n\u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6rk\u0259mli n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rini t\u0259msil ed\u0259n bu taxta m\u0259scidl\u0259r h\u0259m qap\u0131lar\u0131, minb\u0259rl\u0259ri, s\u00fctunlar\u0131, s\u00fctun ba\u015fl\u0131qlar\u0131, tavan kiri\u015fl\u0259ri v\u0259 konsollar\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 memarl\u0131q avadanl\u0131qlar\u0131nda m\u0259har\u0259tl\u0259 istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n a\u011fac oyma v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ox \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tlidir. .
Anadoludak\u0131 bir \u00e7ox n\u00fcmun\u0259 aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin be\u015f f\u0259rqli vilay\u0259tind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n be\u015f tarixi taxta m\u0259scid, memarl\u0131q v\u0259 b\u0259dii x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri, qorunma v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 2023-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Orta \u018fsr D\u00f6vr\u00fc Taxta Hipostil M\u0259scidl\u0259ri olaraq YUNESKO-nun D\u00fcnya \u0130rs Siyah\u0131s\u0131na daxil edilmi\u015fdir.
\u0130slam memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm yer tutmas\u0131, yast\u0131 taxta tavan\u0131n\u0131n unikal taxta da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 sisteml\u0259 in\u015fa edil\u0259n bu be\u015f m\u0259scid Afyonkarahisardak\u0131 Ulu M\u0259scidi, Ankaradak\u0131 Ahi \u015e\u0259raf\u0259ddin M\u0259scidi, \u018fski\u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259ki Sivrihisar Ulu M\u0259scidi, Mahmut b\u0259y m\u0259scididir. Kastamonuda v\u0259 Konyada E\u015frefo\u011flu M\u0259scidind\u0259 eynil\u0259 bu memral\u0131q \u00fcslubuna aiddir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afyonkarahisar Ulu M\u0259scidi- Afyonkarahisar<\/strong>
Afyonkarahisar Ulu M\u0259scidi 1272-1277-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda Anadolu S\u0259lcuqlular\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Memar \u018fmir Hac\u0131 b\u0259y t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Sancakb\u0259yi N\u00fcsretiddun H\u0259s\u0259n t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tikilmi\u015fdir . Afyonkarahisar qalas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259t\u0259yind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Ulu M\u0259scidi b\u0259zi tarixi qeydl\u0259rd\u0259 \u201d Cami-i Kebir \u201d v\u0259 ya \u201d Hocabey m\u0259scidi \u201d olaraq da adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.
M\u0259scidin dam\u0131 h\u0259r biri s\u0259kkiz olmaqla be\u015f c\u0259rg\u0259d\u0259 40 taxta s\u00fctun \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qurulub. Taxta s\u00fctunlar\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 qoyulmu\u015f taxta s\u00fctun ba\u015fl\u0131qlar\u0131nda stalaktitl\u0259r v\u0259 almaz diliml\u0259ri vard\u0131r. M\u0259scidin da\u015f mehrab\u0131 6 m\u00fcq\u0259rn\u0259sl\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259dilib. Taxta minb\u0259rin \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 h\u0259nd\u0259si nax\u0131\u015flar, \u00fc\u00e7bucaql\u0131 panell\u0259r v\u0259 d\u00fcbell\u0259r vard\u0131r.
M\u0259scidin \u0259l il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259nmi\u015f b\u0259z\u0259k \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli bir hiss\u0259si m\u0259hv edilmi\u015fdir; B\u0259zi s\u00fctunlar v\u0259 s\u00fctun ba\u015fl\u0131qlar\u0131 da d\u0259yi\u015fdirilib. K\u00f6hn\u0259 taxta s\u00fctun ba\u015fl\u0131qlar\u0131ndan b\u0259zil\u0259ri bu g\u00fcn Afyonkarahisar Muzeyind\u0259 s\u0259rgil\u0259nir .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259scidin \u015f\u0259rq, q\u0259rb v\u0259 \u015fimala a\u00e7\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7 qap\u0131s\u0131 var. S\u0259lcuq \u00fcslubunda oyma v\u0259 iki qanadl\u0131 minb\u0259r qap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 onun ilk tikilm\u0259 tarixini g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n kitab\u0259 vard\u0131r. Taxta memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 ana divara biti\u015fik minar\u0259si il\u0259 S\u0259lcuqlu d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0259n g\u00f6z\u0259l memarl\u0131q n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahi \u015e\u0259raf\u0259ddin (Arslanhane) m\u0259scidi \u2013 Ankara<\/strong>
Ahi \u015e\u0259raf\u0259ddin M\u0259scidi Ulus Samanpazar\u0131da, Ankara qalas\u0131n\u0131n c\u0259nub ucunda yerl\u0259\u015fir . M\u0259scid \u015f\u0259rqd\u0259 m\u0259qb\u0259r\u0259 kompleksinin divar\u0131na basd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f q\u0259dim \u015fir heyk\u0259lin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Arslanhane m\u0259scidi kimi d\u0259 tan\u0131n\u0131r.
Alt\u0131nda\u011f B\u0259l\u0259diyy\u0259si
M\u0259scidin tikinti yaz\u0131s\u0131 yoxdur. 1289-1290-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 S\u0259lcuq Sultan\u0131 II. G\u0131yas\u0259ddin M\u0259sud zaman\u0131nda Ahi \u015e\u0259raf\u0259ddinin atas\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259misi oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u0259n Ahi qarda\u015flar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tikildiyi g\u00fcman edilir . M\u0259scidin mehrab\u0131 Anadoluda S\u0259lcuqlular d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0259n nadir elementl\u0259rind\u0259n biri hesab olunur. M\u00fcq\u0259rn\u0259s tax\u00e7al\u0131 mehrab \u00e7ini mozaikadan v\u0259 suvaqdan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. M\u0259scidin minb\u0259ri qoz a\u011fac\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlan\u0131b. A\u011fac \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 oyma\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6z d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0259n u\u011furlu n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n hesab olunur. Minb\u0259rin qap\u0131s\u0131, tac\u0131, yan \u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 m\u0259h\u0259cc\u0259rl\u0259ri n\u0259fis oymalarla b\u0259z\u0259dilib.
M\u0259scidin \u015f\u0259rq, q\u0259rb v\u0259 \u015fimal fasadlar\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 qap\u0131s\u0131 var. \u015eimaldak\u0131 biri tac darvazas\u0131na b\u0259nz\u0259yir. Tac darvazas\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u0259rqin\u0259 biti\u015fik olaraq, t\u0259krar istifad\u0259 olunmu\u015f materiallardan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f kvadrat \u0259sasl\u0131, t\u0259k eyvanl\u0131 v\u0259 nazik p\u0259t\u0259kli minar\u0259 var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sivrihisar Ulu M\u0259scidi- Eski\u015fehir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sivrihisar Ulu M\u0259scidi Anadoluda taxta dir\u0259kli v\u0259 taxta tavanl\u0131 m\u0259scidl\u0259rin dig\u0259r m\u00fch\u00fcm n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biridir. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 m\u0259scidin ilk tikintisinin 1231-1232-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u018fmir C\u0259lal\u0259ddin \u018fli t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n apar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilir. D\u00f6rd giri\u015f qap\u0131s\u0131 olan v\u0259 dam\u0131 67 taxta dir\u0259kl\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259n\u0259n m\u0259scidd\u0259 dir\u0259kl\u0259rd\u0259 Bizans d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 aid ba\u015fl\u0131qlardan da istifad\u0259 olunub. Dir\u0259kl\u0259r ard\u0131c v\u0259 \u015fotland \u015fam a\u011fac\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. M\u0259scidin ortas\u0131nda yuxar\u0131dan i\u015f\u0131q verm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn mayak adlanan bo\u015fluq var.
M\u0259scidin taxta s\u00fctunlar\u0131 v\u0259 inc\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259nmi\u015f taxta minb\u0259ri diqq\u0259ti c\u0259lb edir. Anadolu S\u0259lcuqlu d\u00f6vr\u00fc memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n nadir ornamental n\u00fcmun\u0259sini ehtiva ed\u0259n minb\u0259r k\u00fcnd\u0259kari texnikas\u0131 il\u0259 qoz a\u011fac\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlan\u0131b. Taxt b\u00f6lm\u0259sind\u0259 d\u00f6rdbucaql\u0131 tor dol\u011funda bir-biri il\u0259 k\u0259si\u015f\u0259n s\u0259kkizbucaql\u0131lardan ibar\u0259t toxunma motivi xarakterikdir. Minb\u0259rin 1924 \u2013 c\u00fc ild\u0259 da\u011f\u0131d\u0131lm\u0131\u015f K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 m\u0259scidind\u0259n g\u0259tirildiyi g\u00fcman edilir .
M\u0259scidin mehrab\u0131 suvaqla b\u0259z\u0259dilib. Mehrab\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n \u0259n k\u0259nar birinci zolaqda s\u00fcl\u00fcs xarakterli m\u0259tn, ikinci zolaqda \u00fcz\u00fcm salx\u0131m\u0131 v\u0259 budaqlar\u0131ndan ibar\u0259t n\u0259bati motivl\u0259r, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc zolaqda is\u0259 bir-birin\u0259 biti\u015fik be\u015fbucaql\u0131lardan ibar\u0259t be\u015f v\u0259 ongu\u015f\u0259li ulduz motivl\u0259ri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mahmut b\u0259y m\u0259scidi- Kastamonu<\/strong>
Mahmut b\u0259y m\u0259scidi Kastamonudan 18 kilometr aral\u0131da, Ko\u015fu k\u0259ndind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fir. 1366-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Candaro\u011fullar\u0131 B\u0259yliyi d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 tikilmi\u015fdir. M\u0259scidin xarici divarlar\u0131 s\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc da\u015fdand\u0131r; \u0130\u00e7\u0259ri tamamil\u0259 a\u011facdan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Gips yaln\u0131z qurbangah hiss\u0259sind\u0259 istifad\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir. M\u0259scidin taxta dam\u0131 he\u00e7 bir metal hiss\u0259 v\u0259 mismar istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259d\u0259n \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259 texnikas\u0131 il\u0259 tikilmi\u015fdir.
M\u0259scidin daxilind\u0259ki b\u00fct\u00fcn taxta s\u0259thl\u0259r k\u00f6k v\u0259 \u0259ll\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kilmi\u015f karanda\u015flarla b\u0259z\u0259dilib v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn bu b\u0259z\u0259kl\u0259r \u00f6z orijinal formas\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r g\u0259lib \u00e7at\u0131b. Dekorasiyalarda; Nar\u0131nc\u0131 v\u0259 karmin aras\u0131ndak\u0131 q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131lar, indiqo v\u0259 hava r\u0259ngli mavil\u0259r, q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131 v\u0259 \u00e7irkli sar\u0131lar, a\u011f, qara, t\u00fcnd ya\u015f\u0131l v\u0259 krem r\u0259ngl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir. N\u0259bati v\u0259 h\u0259nd\u0259si motivl\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t b\u0259z\u0259kl\u0259r stiliz\u0259 olunmu\u015f formada, simmetriya v\u0259 t\u0259krar yaradan kompozisiyada t\u0259qdim olunur. M\u0259scidin \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm elementl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 Mahmudo\u011flu N\u0259qqa\u015f Abdullah t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n oyma s\u0259n\u0259ti il\u0259 haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f taxta giri\u015f qap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.
H\u0259nd\u0259si v\u0259 n\u0259bati detallarla b\u0259z\u0259dilmi\u015f v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 \u00e7ox az n\u00fcmun\u0259si olan qap\u0131 Kastamonu Etnoqrafiya Muzeyind\u0259 qorunur .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bey\u015fehir E\u015frefo\u011flu M\u0259scidi- Konya<\/strong>
E\u015frefo\u011flu M\u0259scidi Konya Bey\u015fehird\u0259, Bey\u015fehir g\u00f6l\u00fcn\u0259 100 metr m\u0259saf\u0259d\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fir. Taxta tavanl\u0131 v\u0259 taxta dayaql\u0131 Anadolu m\u0259scidl\u0259rinin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fcr.E\u015frefo\u011flu b\u0259yliyi d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 1296-1299-cu ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda in\u015fa edil\u0259n m\u0259scid, S\u0259m\u0259rq\u0259nd v\u0259 Buxara kimi q\u0259dim T\u00fcrk\u00fcstan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n taxta dir\u0259kli m\u0259scidl\u0259rin Anadoludak\u0131 \u0259n g\u00f6z\u0259l n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biridir.
E\u015frefo\u011flu m\u0259scidi q\u0131rxdan \u00e7ox taxta s\u00fctun \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 ucal\u0131r. Bu dir\u0259kl\u0259rin tikilm\u0259zd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l 6 ay suda islad\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 \u015fayi\u0259l\u0259r var.
\u018fsrl\u0259r boyu q\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda m\u0259scidin dam\u0131nda y\u0131\u011f\u0131lan qar dam\u0131n ortas\u0131ndak\u0131 bo\u015fluqdan hovuza at\u0131l\u0131r, \u0259traf\u0131 n\u0259ml\u0259ndir\u0259r\u0259k taxta s\u00fctunlar\u0131n soban\u0131n t\u0259sirind\u0259n \u00e7atlamas\u0131 v\u0259 qurumas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r. yand\u0131. 1965-ci ild\u0259 qar qutusu \u015f\u00fc\u015f\u0259 il\u0259 \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f v\u0259 funksiyas\u0131n\u0131 itirmi\u015fdir.
M\u0259scidin h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fcy\u00fc 6 metr olan, kafel mozaika il\u0259 \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f m\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m mehrab var. Monumental tac qap\u0131s\u0131 olan m\u0259scidin minb\u0259ri b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 qoz a\u011fac\u0131ndan, oyma, \u00e7at v\u0259 yap\u0131\u015fqans\u0131zd\u0131r. Minb\u0259r g\u00f6z\u0259l s\u0259liq\u0259 v\u0259 inc\u0259likl\u0259 t\u0259rtib edilmi\u015f, h\u0259nd\u0259si formalar v\u0259 n\u0259bati b\u0259z\u0259kl\u0259rl\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259dilmi\u015fdir. M\u0259scidin tavan\u0131nda r\u0259ngli karanda\u015f b\u0259z\u0259kl\u0259ri var. X\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 pultlarda k\u00f6k a\u011fac\u0131 il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259nmi\u015f motivl\u0259r diqq\u0259ti \u00e7\u0259kir.<\/p>\n\n\n

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